Electrostatic spraying technology originated from industrial coating practice in the early 20th century. Its core principle is to use a high-voltage electrostatic field to charge coating particles, and achieve precise adsorption through the attraction of opposite charges. This technology was first applied to the anti-corrosion coating of metal workpieces, such as bridges, pipelines, and other large steel structures, and gradually expanded to multiple fields such as automobiles, home appliances, and furniture.
The electrostatic spraying system consists of four main parts: a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a spray gun, a coating supply system, and a grounding device. A high-voltage electrostatic generator typically generates a direct current high voltage of 50000 to 100000 volts. The spray gun decomposes the coating into tiny particles of 10-50 microns through an atomization device and imparts an electric charge. The workpiece forms an electrostatic field through grounding, which directs the charged coating particles to adsorb onto the surface, forming a uniform and dense coating.
Compared with traditional air spraying, the utilization rate of coatings by electrostatic spraying can be increased by 30% -50%. This is because the electric field force causes paint particles to actively adsorb onto the surface of the workpiece, reducing scattering pollution. For example, in car body spraying, electrostatic spraying can achieve a coating transfer efficiency of over 85%, while traditional spraying is only 30% -40%.
In terms of equipment maintenance, it is necessary to regularly check the insulation performance of the high-voltage generator to avoid leakage caused by moisture or pollution. The atomization hole of the spray gun needs to be cleaned weekly to prevent the coating from drying and clogging. The grounding device must be reliably connected with a resistance value of less than 1 ohm to ensure safe discharge of static electricity. In addition, operators need to wear anti-static clothing and gloves to avoid safety hazards caused by human body electrification.
